Snapshot
Kumana National Park is a birders’ paradise. Hidden away in the south-east of Sri Lanka, it was one known as East Yala, but it is best approached from the laid-back coastal settlement of Arugam Bay on Sri Lanka’s East Coast. This is a chance to escape the hordes and discover a place of natural beauty.
Duration: 2 hours
Best Time: February to July
Additional Information
Kumana houses one of the finest bird sanctuaries in Sri Lanka, established in 1938. Its mangrove swamp provides an ideal nesting ground for many species of birds. It is at its finest between May and July when many water birds migrate to its mangrove swamps to nest. Around 255 of Sri Lanka’s 400 bird species have been recorded here.
One of the most valuable aspects of Kumana is the Kumana Villu - a 2 sq km natural swamp lake, fed by the Kumbukkan Oya. This along with other reservoirs and lagoons dotted around the park ensures regular sightings of such bird species as painted storks, spoonbills, pelicans, white ibis, herons, egrets and little cormorants. The very rare black-necked stork has also been an occasional visitor.
The entrance to Kumana National Park, which extends over 356 sq kms, is at the last coastal settlement on the East Coast, Panama, via the Kudumbigala sanctuary. Its isolated position means it is considerably quieter than its popular and more easily accessible neighbour, Yala, to the south-west. Between them, the two parks offer a large expanse of wilderness but the experience is very different.
Mammals such as elephants, leopards, jackals, wild boar and fishing cat also wander into Kumana from the better-known game park, Yala, which lies directly to the south-west. Reptiles include the mugger crocodile and several varieties of turtle. The vegetation of the park is mainly tropical dry zone forest with mangroves, kumbuk trees and marshland.
The dry season in Kumana generally runs from February to September and is the best time to visit the park. Even outside the May to July migratory season there are many species of birds to enjoy. Check out Red Dot’s birdwatching tour of Sri Lanka here and learn more here about birdwatching in Sri Lanka.
Related Activities
Bundala National Park
Bundala national park, bundala, Sri Lanka
Bundala National Park, which neighbours Yala, is one of the best places for birdwatching in Sri Lanka, and is also home to sloth bears, elephants and deer.
Duration: 4 hours
Best time: September to March
Chundikulam National Park
Chundikulam National Park, Sri Lanka
Chundikulam National Park is slowly regaining recognition as a birders’ paradise as the Jaffna peninsular gradually begins to attract travellers once again.
Duration: 4 hours
Best time: March to September
Sinharaja Rainforest
Sinharaja Forest, Deniyaya, Sri Lanka
Moist, murky and mysterious, an experience of Sinharaja is like nothing else in Sri Lanka. Trek through this magnificent landscape, the last surviving stretch of virgin rainforest on the island.
Duration: 4 hours
Best time: Year-round
Anawilundawa Wetlands
Puttalam, Sri Lanka
Located near to Kalpitiya, Anawilundawa (meaning ‘seven wetlands’ in Tamil) refers to a cluster of freshwater tanks within the sanctuary. It is a very important wetland for many migratory birds.
Duration: 4 hours
Best time: October to April
Gal Oya National Park
Gal Oya National Park Entrance, Pallang Oya - Inginiyagala, Sri Lanka
Gal Oya is one of the most remote and stunning national parks in Sri Lanka. Inclusive of the largest reservoir in the island, take a boat safari at sunset as well as doing a morning game drive.
Duration: 4 hours
Best time: March to July
Horton Plains National Park
Horton Plains National Park, Sri Lanka
An undulating 2000m-high plateau covered in grassy plains interspersed with small patches of forest which is home to a rich array of wildlife. Trek to ‘World’s End’, the park’s most dramatic feature.
Duration: 4 hours
Best time: January to March
Kanneliya Rainforest
Kanneliya Forest, Peak Road, Sri Lanka
Trek through this forest area which lies just 35km from Galle. Accompanied by an experienced wildlife tracker, absorb the tranquil atmosphere whilst looking out for tropical birds and other animals.
Duration: 4 hours
Best time: Year-round
Kitulgala-Kelani Forest Reserve
Kitulgala, Sri Lanka
The Kelani Valley Forest Reserve in Kitulgala offers breath-taking scenery. Sail down the river, or journey through the jungle-clad hills and tea and rubber plantations on foot or by mountain bike.
Duration: 4 hours
Best time: Year-round
Kosgoda Turtle Hatchery
Sri Lanka, Kosgoda, Kosgoda Turtle Hatchery
Of the seven species of marine turtles, five come ashore to nest in Sri Lanka and the Kosgoda Turtle Hatchery which primary operates as a hatchery, is a great place to observe collected and rescued eggs hatch.
Duration: 4 hours
Best time: Year-round
Lunugamvehera National Park
Lunugamvehera National Park, Tanamalwila, Sri Lanka
Positioned between Yala and Uda Walawe, Lunugamveherea National Park is home to 184 species of bird and a wide variety of other Sri Lankan animals.
Duration: 4 hours
Best time: May to September
Millenium Elephant Foundation
Millennium Elephant Foundation, Rambukkana, Sri Lanka
Learn about the key role elephants play in Sri Lankan culture and issues which arise from this. Accompanied by an expert, walk with, bathe and feed the elephants that are looked after here.
Duration: 4 hours
Best time: Year-round
Minneriya National Park
Minneriya National Park, Maradankadawala-Habarana-Thirukkondaiadimadu Highway, Rambawilla, Sri Lanka
Minneriya National Park is a small but popular wildlife park home to a wide range of Sri Lanka’s wildlife. It is also the site of the world-renowned wildlife event ‘The Elephant Gathering’.
Duration: 4 hours
Best time: July to December
Rekawa Turtle Watch
Rekawa Beach, Rekawa Road, Sri Lanka
Five of the seven species of marine turtle come ashore at Rekawa to lay their eggs. Join the night watch to observe these fascinating creatures up close.
Duration: 4 hours
Best time: April to July
The Monkey Kingdom of Polonnaruwa
Polonnaruwa, Sri Lanka
Quite apart from the incredible ruins of this medieval city, Polonnaruwa is home to a large monkey population who were famously featured in Disney’s engaging documentary film ‘Monkey Kingdom’.
Duration: 4 hours
Best time: Year-round
Udawalawe Elephant Transit Home
Udawalawa, Sri Lanka
Visit the Elephant Transit Home in Udawalawe National Park, a rehabilitation centre for orphaned elephant calves.
Duration: 4 hours
Best time: Year-round
Udawalawe National Park
Udawalawe National Park, Udawalawa, Sri Lanka
Udawalawe National Park is one of the best places to see elephants in Sri Lanka – up to 500 elephants, along with other wildlife, are found here.
Duration: 4 hours
Best time: Year-round
Wasgamuwa National Park
Wasgamuwa National Park, Sri Lanka
Wasgamuwa National Park is comprised of dry evergreen forests, grasslands and wetlands, and is known for the elephants which frequent the Mahaweli River which runs along a boundary of the park.
Duration: 4 hours
Best time: November to May
Whale Watching in Mirissa
Mirissa, Sri Lanka
This modern catamaran complete with professional crew sets out from Mirissa Harbour at 6:30am, beating the other boats in order to have the best dolphin and whale sightings.
Duration: 4 hours
Best time: November to April
Wilpattu National Park
Wilpattu National Park, Sri Lanka
Wilpattu National Park is arguably Sri Lanka’s most beautiful park. Its varying natural habitats – coastal belt, natural lakes, scrublands, open grasslands and dense forest – house numerous animals.
Duration: 4 hours
Best time: February to October
Yala National Park
Yala National Park, Sri Lanka
Yala National Park, situated in the south-east corner of the island, is home to the greatest variety of Sri Lanka’s wildlife including the island’s big game – elephants, leopards and sloth bears.
Duration: 4 hours
Best time: December to August
Bundala & Tissa Wetlands
Bundala national park, bundala, Sri Lanka
Bundala & Tissa wetlands combine 20km of beach, lagoons and scrub hosting more than 150 bird species and should delight bird lovers in Sri Lanka.
Duration: 4 hours
Best time: October to March